Investing 3 Year Horizon

It is good to know the performance over a 74 year period or 60 year period or a 10 year period. How do you invest if you have a 3 year time horizon? To answer the question, we will look at the minimum return, maximum return, and percentage of time for a positive return for a Small Cap Stock Index, Large Cap Stock Index, Long Term Bonds, and Short Term Bonds in the book Investments.

We will look at the time period from 1926 - 1999, to include the Great Depression and 1940-1999 to reflect a more normal period. It depends if you want a true worst case or a more normal environment.

Time Period 1926 - 1999

Investment/Min Return/Max Return/% Positive Return
Small Stocks/-48.56%/93.80%/86%
Large Stocks/-26.87%/32.64%/90%
Long Bonds/-5.04%/23.98%/93%
Short Bonds/-1.27%/13.26%/94%

Time Period 1940-1999

Investment/Min Return/Max Return/% Positive Return
Small Stocks/-23.63%/80.85%/91%
Large Stocks/-7.34%/31.32%/95%
Long Bonds/-5.04%/23.98%/91%
Short Bonds/0.11%/12.41%/100%

What conclusions can we draw from this data:

1. Comparing a 3 year time horizon to a 2 year time horizon, all of the minimum returns maintained or improved, all of the max returns maintained or reduced and all of the % positive returns improved except for short term bonds during 1926 - 1999. A longer timer horizon is good for a riskier investment when looking at the minimum return and % positive returns.
2. The minimum return data shows that short term bonds did the best. Small stocks which gave the best long term performance had the worst numbers. Bonds had lower negative numbers indicating that they provided more stability. Stocks that give the best long term performance had less stability. It is interesting to note that large cap stocks and long bonds were very close in minimum return during the 1940-1999 time period.
3. The maximum return data shows that stocks outperform bonds. Small stocks that had the most negative minimum return value has the largest maximum value indicating the most volatility. Large cap stocks and long term bonds got closer together.
4. The percentage of time that a positive return was achieved shows the investments had about the same value during both time periods except short term bonds. Short term bonds had the highest value and got to 100% during the 1940-1999 period. What is interesting and somewhat surprising is that small stocks, large stocks, and long bonds are similar and about 9/10ths of the time have a positive return. Surprisingly, large cap stocks had a higher value than long term bonds during 1940-1999.
5. If you are concerned about losing money on your investment, a short term bond is the right answer, as it has the highest minimum return value and highest percent positive return.
6. If you are investing in small stocks, large stocks, and long term bonds it is possible to lose money about 1/10th of the time. The size of the loss is the least with long term bonds.
7. If you are an aggressive investor that only has a focus on the maximum gain stocks outperformed bonds by a wide margin.
8. We see some unique situations develop between these 2 time periods so your view of the future starts to impact how to invest. If you believe that the future is more like the 1926-1999 time period then bonds are clear winners when looking at the minimum return data. If you believe that the future is more like the 1940-1999 time period then one would purchase large cap stocks instead of long term bonds because they have roughly the same minimum return, large cap stocks have a higher maximim return and a higher % positive return.
9. Bottom Line: Your view of the future starts to come into play. Stocks had the greatest potential for growth and the greatest risk in the amount of loss. Large cap stocks and long term bonds are looking more similar in a normal investing environment.

If you have a child going to college in 3 years and your view is of a relatively normal investing environment in the future you should be looking at mutual funds that contain large cap stocks, mutual funds that contain long term bonds, and short term bonds or a money market account. If your view of the future is a worst case scenario, you need to be investing in mutual funds that contain long term bonds, and short term bonds or a money market account. Remember that the tuition payment is due when the tuition payment is due, regardless of what happens in the stock market.